Musiyano uripo pakati peupfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi nehupfu hwakavakirwa panickel hwekugadzira laser cladding

Mukushandiswa kwelaser kwezvikamu zvesimbi yakakandwa, kusarudzwa kweupfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi neupfu hwakavakirwa panickel kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro, mamiriro ekushandiswa uye mutengo wechikamu checladding. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri unoratidzwa mukugadzirwa, mashandiro, kuchinjika kwemaitiro uye mamiriro ekushandiswa, seizvi:

1. Kusiyana kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa

2. Kuenzanisa Kwekushanda Kwepakati

1) Hunhu hwemakanika

Upfu hwakagadzirwa nesimbi:

• Kuomarara kwakanyanya (HRC 30-60, nekugadziriswa kwechimiro, Cr yakakwira, mhando yeMo inogona kusvika HRC 50 kana kupfuura), kuramba kupfeka zvakanaka;

• Simba rayo rakafanana neresimbi yakakandwa (simba rekudhonza 500-1000MPa), simbi inoenderana zviri nani nesimbi yakakandwa, uye simba rekubatanidza pakati pechikamu checladding ne matrix rakakwira (kazhinji >300MPa);

• Mhando dzine hurema hwepakati nepakati, kuomarara kwakanyanya dzinogona kunge dziine kugadzikana kwekutsemuka (maitiro ekuvhara anofanira kudzorwa kuderedza kushushikana).

Upfu hwakagadzirwa nenickel:

• Kuomarara kuri pakati nepakati (HRC 20-45, mhando ye alloy yakaderera yakapfava, Cr yakakwirira, W mhando inogona kusvika HRC 40-50), asi yakasimba kwazvo, inodzivirira kukanganiswa zviri nani kupfuura upfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi;

• Simba rekudhonza rakaderera zvishoma pane upfu hwakagadzirwa nesimbi ine alloy yakawanda (400-800MPa), asi hupfu hwakagadzirwa nesimbi huri nani (kureba>10%, upfu hwakagadzirwa nesimbi hunowanzova

• Simba rekubatanidza rakaderera zvishoma nesimbi yakakandwa (kazhinji 200-300MPa), asi harina kugadzikana zvakanyanya, hazvisi nyore kugadzira matombo anotonhora (nekuda kwekuomarara uye hunhu hwe nickel husina kusimba).

2) Kudzivirira ngura

Upfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi: hunodzivirira ngura pakati nepakati. Upfu hwakajairika hwakavakirwa pasimbi (hune Cr shoma) hunodzivirira ngura zvakanaka mumhepo nemumvura yakachena, asi hunowanzobatwa nengura munzvimbo dzine acidic uye alkaline. Hunhu hweCr hwakakwira (huwandu hweCr > 12%) hwakavandudza ngura, asi huchiri husina kunaka sehupfu hwakavakirwa panickel.

Upfu hwakagadzirwa nenickel: hunodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine hunyoro, dzine acidic uye alkaline (senge organic acid, alkali isina simba) (nekuti Ni neCr zvinoumba firimu re dense oxide), zvakakodzera mamiriro ekuora.

3) Kudzivirira kupisa

Upfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi: hunodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, tembiricha yekushanda kwenguva refu inowanzo kuve

Upfu hwakavakirwa panickel: hunodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, hunogona kushanda zvakadzikama munzvimbo inodziya ye600-1000℃ (senge upfu hwakavakirwa panickel hune zvinhu zveCr neW, hunodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye hunodzivirira kuneta kwekupisa).

4) Kuenderana nesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi

Upfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi: huri pedyo nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwesimbi yakakandwa (Fe-based) (upfu hwakavakirwa pasimbi hunenge 11-14×10⁻⁶/℃, simbi yakakandwa hunenge 10-12×10⁻⁶/℃), kushushikana kudiki kwekupisa panguva yekufukidza, hazvireve nyore kutsemuka nekuda kwemusiyano wekuwedzera kwekupisa (kunyanya kukodzera jira gobvu rekufukidza).

Upfu hwakagadzirwa nenickel: Kuwanda kwekupisa kwakanyanya (anenge 13-16×10⁻⁶/℃), izvo zvakasiyana zvishoma nesimbi yakakandwa. Zviri nyore kutsemuka nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwekupisa panguva yekufukidza kwakakora, izvo zvinoda kuderedzwa nekudziisa, kutonhora zvishoma kana kufukidza kwakaiswa layered.

3. Musiyano mukuchinjika kwemaitiro

Upfu hwakagadzirwa nesimbi:

• Kusanzwa simba relaser, kuyerera kwepakati kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, zviri nyore kugadzira jira rakati sandara;

• Ine zvinhu zvinobvisa oxidation zvakaita seSi neB, inotsungirira zvakanyanya tsvina yakaita seC neS musimbi yakakandwa (hazvisi nyore kugadzira maburi);

• Kuwanda kwechikamu chesimbi inosungirirwa (chikamu chesimbi inosungirirwa muchikamu chesimbi inosungirirwa) kwakaoma kudzora, kazhinji kunodzorwa pa10%-20% (kunyanya kukwirira kunogona kuderedza kuomarara).

Upfu hwakagadzirwa nenickel:

• Kunyudzwa kwelaser kwakanyanya, kuyerera kwakanaka kwedziva rakanyungudutswa (kunyanya hupfu hwakavakirwa panickel hune B neSi), zviri nyore kuwana jira rakatetepa uye rakafanana rekufukidza;

• Inonzwa C musimbi yakakandwa. Kana matrix ine kabhoni yakawanda (senge grey cast iron), zviri nyore kugadzira brittle phases (senge network carbides) nekuda kwekupararira kweC mu cladding layer. Zvakakosha kudzora zvakanyanya ma parameter e laser (senge kuderedza simba uye kuwedzera kumhanya kwe scanning) kuderedza dilution rate (kazhinji inodiwa kuti ive pasi pe10%);

• Zviri nyore kuita nesarufa (S) musimbi yakakandwa kuti igadzire eutectic inonyunguduka zvishoma (yakadai seNi₃S₂), zvichikonzera kutsemuka kwekupisa. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti sulfide dzepamusoro dzabviswa panguva yekurapa zvikamu zvesimbi yakakandwa.

4. Mari uye mamiriro ekushandisa

Pfupiso

• Upfu hwakagadzirwa nesimbi hunonyanya kufarirwa: kana mutengo wakaderera uye kusakara kwakanyanya zvichiteverwa, uye mamiriro ekushanda asingade ngura yakasimba kana tembiricha yakakwira (sekugadzirisa zvikamu zvemakanika zvakajairika).

• Upfu hwakagadzirwa nenickel hunonyanya kufarirwa: kana zvichidikanwa kuramba ngura, kuramba kupisa kana kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye mitengo yakakwira inogamuchirwa (sekusimbisa zvikamu zvesimbi zvakanyatsonaka mumamiriro ekushanda akakosha).