Kudzima neLaser: hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu kuti muviri wemupumburu upfeke nhumbi dzakasimba

Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri emazuva ano, michina yekumonera yakaita semaroller anomonera, maroller anoendesa zvinhu, uye masirinda ekuomesa zvinoshanda semusana wemitsetse yekugadzira. Zvinhu izvi zvinogara zvichisangana nekumanikidzwa kukuru, kukweshana kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira, uye nharaunda dzinopisa. Hunhu hwepamusoro hwezvinhu izvi hunosarudza zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirwa, mhando yechigadzirwa, uye hupenyu hwebasa. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuomesa pamusoro dzakadai sekudzima moto nekuomesa induction, kunyangwe dzichishandiswa zvakanyanya, dzinowanzo sangana nematambudziko anosanganisira deformation yakakura, kusagovaniswa kwehukobvu hwakafanana, uye kushandiswa kwesimba rakawandisa. Kubuda kwetekinoroji yekumonera nelaser kwave kuchinja mutambo, kuchichinja kusimbaradzwa kwepamusoro pemaroller kuburikidza nemabhenefiti ayo akasiyana ekugadzirisa zvakanyanya, deformation shoma, uye kushanda zvakanaka.

I. Nheyo huru: Symphony yesimba nezvinhu zvinouya pakarepo

Kudzima kweLaser, kunozivikanwawo seLaser phase-change hardening, inzira yekusimbisa pamusoro inoshandisa maLaser beams ane simba rakawanda senzvimbo dzinopisa kupisa nzvimbo dzebasa nekukurumidza zvichiteverwa nekuzvitonhodza. Kana ikashandiswa pamiviri inotenderera, musimboti uyu unogona kupatsanurwa kuita matanho matatu:

1. Jekiseni reSimba Rakarurama: Beam relaser (kazhinji CO2)₂ kana fiber laser) yakatarisana ne optical system inogadzira nzvimbo ine simba rakawanda, ichishanda se "magic brush" isingaoneki inoongorora zvakanaka pamusoro pe roller. Mukati memamiliseconds kusvika kumasekonzi, simba re laser rinotorwa nesimbi iri pamusoro pe roller, zvichiita kuti tembiricha yayo ikwire zvakanyanya neanopfuura 10,000°C pasekondi. Kukwira uku kwekupisa nekukurumidza kunopfuura critical phase transition point (Ac3), kuchishandura zvinhu kuita austenitic structure. Nekuda kwenguva pfupi yekuratidzwa, kupisa hakugone kupinda muzvikamu zvakadzika, zvichikonzera kuti layer diki (kazhinji 0.1-1.5mm) ipiswe nepo pakati payo pachiramba patembiricha yakaderera.

2. Kuchinja Kwechikamu Chekukurumidza: Kana danda relaser rabviswa, maitiro ekupisa anomira kamwe kamwe. Kuchinja kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunokonzera kupisa nekukurumidza kubva pamusoro kuenda ku matrix yekupisa kwakaderera, zvichiita kuti kutonhora kuve 10⁴-10⁶°C/s. Mhedzisiro iyi inokurumidza kutonhora inodzivirira austenite kubva pakugadzira macarbides, panzvimbo pezvo ichiishandura kuita chimiro chemartensitic chakanaka kwazvo. Seimwe yezvivakwa zvakaoma uye zvisingapfeki zvakanyanya mumidziyo yesimbi, martensite inotsanangura kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekuoma kwenzvimbo kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekudzima laser.

3. Magadzirirwo e "Kusimba Kwekunze uye Kusimba Kwemukati": Pakupedzisira, muviri weroller unowana chimiro chakakodzera checomposite. Pamusoro payo pane layer yakasimba yemartensitic ine kuomarara kwe15%-20% kupfuura simbi yakajairika yakadzima, nepo pakati payo pachiri kuramba pakasimba uye simba rayo repakutanga. Dhizaini iyi yakasiyana "yekunze yakasimba uye inosimba mukati" inoita kuti roller ikwanise kutsungirira kusakara kwakanyanya uye kutsungirira mitoro yakawanda, zvichidzivirira njodzi dzekutyoka kwese.

II. Maitiro: Kushanda nemazvo kwakangwara

Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekudzimisa laser mumuviri mukuru weroller hakusi kungori kupenya nemwaranzi chete, asi inyanzvi yekugadzira system chaiyo inobatanidza chiedza, michina nemagetsi. Maitiro makuru ndeaya anotevera:

1. Kugadziriswa Pamberi: Kuchenesa uye Kuwedzerwa Kwechiedza: Muviri weroller unofanira kugadziriswa zvakasimba usati wadzima. Kutanga, tsvina yepamusoro yakaita semafuta, oxide layers, uye tsvina zvinobviswa zvakanaka kuburikidza nejecha kana kukuya nemazvo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pamusoro pakachena uye pakajeka. Danho rekupedzisira rakakosha rinosanganisira kushandisa coating yakasarudzika inonwisa chiedza. Zvichienderana nekuti pamusoro pesimbi pane mawavelength lasers, coating iyi inovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwe laser energy (kubva pasi pe40% kusvika pamusoro pe80%), zvichiita kuti kupisa kupfuure zvakanaka uye zvakaenzana.

2. Kudzora maitiro: kuronga mapurogiramu uye kuskena nemazvo:

Kuronga Nzira: Zvichibva pamamiriro ezvinhu eroller (semuenzaniso, cylindrical kana conical) uye zvinodiwa zvekudzima (senge ma "continuous helical patterns", ma "grid textures", kana kuti strip-shaped zones), komputa inosarudza nzira yekufamba kwemusoro welaser uye kumhanya kwekutenderera.

Kudzora Kwakarurama Kweparamita: Maparamita ekushanda kwepakati —— simba relaser (P), kumhanya kwekuskena (V), uye saizi yenzvimbo (D) —— zvakaongororwa nemazvo. Kubatana kwezvinhu zvitatu izvi (simba remagetsi ≈ P/(V·D)) kunosarudza zvakananga kudzika nekuoma kwechikamu chakaomeswa. Maitiro ese anongoitwa otomatiki neCNC system, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzokororwa uye kugadzikana kusingaenzaniswi.

Kutarisa Nekupa Mhinduro Munguva Yechokwadi: Masisitimu epamusoro ane zvishandiso zvekutarisa panguva chaiyo zvakaita semathermometer e infrared kuti aongorore tembiricha yedziva rakanyungudutswa. Izvi zvinogonesa kugadzirisa nekukurumidza simba re laser kuburikidza nenzira dzemhinduro, kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kana kunyunguduka uku uchichengetedza hunhu hwakagadzikana hwekudzima.

3. Mushure mekurapwa: Kuongorora nekudzikamisa: Mushure mekudzima, ingopukuta machira akasara pamusoro nemvura kana doro. Kuedza kuomarara, kuyerwa kwehudzamu, uye kuongorora metallographic yenzvimbo dzakaoma inzira dzakakosha. Kunyangwe kudzimisa nelaser kuchikonzera kushushikana kushoma, kune ma roller bodies ane kunyatsorongeka, kudzimisa tembiricha yakaderera kunogona kushandiswa kubvisa kushushikana kwakasara uye kudzikamisa hunhu hwe microstructural.

III. Zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi uye mikana yakawanda yekushandisa

Zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare, laser quenching yakaratidza mukana wekupandukira mukusimbisa mipumburu:

Kudzora kwakanyatsojeka: kunogona kudzima kudzika kwese kuri pakati pe 0.1-2.0mm, uye kusarudza kusimbiswa kwenzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai semigero nemipendero.

Kushanduka kwechinhu kudiki kwazvo: hunhu hwe "kupisa kudiki uye kukurumidza kutonhora" zvinoita kuti kushanduka kwekupisa kwechinhu chebasa kuve kudiki kwazvo, uye kazhinji, chinogona kuunganidzwa zvakananga mushure mekudzima, zvichibvisa kutwasanudza kunodhura uye kugadziriswa kwechipiri.

Kushanda kwakanaka kwazvo: chimiro chemartensite chakawanikwa chine kuomarara kwakanyanya, kupfeka zvakanaka uye kuramba ngura, uye hupenyu hwebasa hunogona kuwedzerwa ne1-3.

Yakasvibirira uye inoshanda zvakanaka: hapana chikonzero chekudzima simbi (mvura, mafuta), hapana kusvibiswa; kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, mwero wepamusoro wekushandisa otomatiki, zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekugadzira simbi yemazuva ano.

Tekinoroji yekudzima maroller nelaser ikozvino yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira maroller esimbi, maroller ekugadzira mapepa, maitiro ekudhinda nekudhaya, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakakosha zvemaroller mukugadzirwa kwepurasitiki nerabha. Kunze kwekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva, nzira iyi itsva inopenya zvikuru munyaya yekugadzirisa maroller nekugadzira patsva. Inopa hupenyu hutsva kumaroller akwegura ari kuda kupera basa, zvichigadzira kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwayo hwekuchinja.

IV. Mhedziso

Tekinoroji yekudzima laser, kuburikidza nekudzora kwayo simba nezvinhu, inopa maroller emaindasitiri "zvombo" zvakasimba uye zvakasimba. Kubudirira uku hakungomiriri kufambira mberi kukuru muinjiniya yepamusoro chete asiwo kunoshanda sechishandiso chine simba chekufambisa shanduko yekugadzira kuenda kunzvimbo dzepamusoro, dzakangwara, uye dzinochengetedza nharaunda. Nekudzikira kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwemitengo yemidziyo ye laser uye kukura kwemaitiro ekugadzira, tekinoroji iyi ichawedzera kupinda muzvikamu zvese zvekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, ichiramba ichisimbisa kusimba uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemasisitimu emazuva ano e "backbone" emaindasitiri.